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《今回のworkshop　》
○Job-based vs Membership-based
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＜Agenda＞“Job-based vs Membership-based”  

Nowadays, it is safe to say that the “Job-based employment system” has become one of the buzzwords among people working for a company.

The “Job-based employment system” is one of the conventional employment systems in which employees are clearly defined by job description and evaluated based on results rather than working hours. Employers make a job description which elaborates “job content”, “range of responsibility”, and “working location” etc., and then they have a contract with a candidate suitable for these conditions. The system is mainstream in Western-based companies.

Whereas almost all Japanese companies have introduced a different employment system from western-based companies. It is called “Membership-based employment system”, which does not limit getting transferred to workplaces and departments. Also, the range of job content is not explicitly defined. On top of that, “Lifetime employment” and “Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates” are characteristics of this employment system.

It goes without saying that each employment system has pros and cons. It is said that one of the advantages of “Job-based employment” is to be able to hire an employee having a skill set, which is a viewpoint from an employer. As one of the shortcomings from the standpoint of employees, however, there is a possibility that a certain job will be dwindling as AI technology is developing. Advantages and disadvantages are two sides of the same coin.

These days, some companies have implemented or are trying to introduce “Job-based employment system”. To give you an example, HITACHI, which is one of the famous global companies in Japan, has already incorporated the “Job-based system” into their employment system in 2014. This system is subject to a managerial position. They have defined each job clearly, and then sort all jobs into 300-400 kinds of job. The system will be expanded to general staff in 2021. Other than HITACHI, some giant companies such as KAGOME and KDDI has also been trying to introduce the system.

In light of the situation in Japan, the Membership-based employment system sounds obsolete, and the “Job-based employment system” seems to be more innovative and beneficial than the “Membership-based employment system”. Is it right? I would say that employers should have birds’ eyes and pay much attention to the benefits and drawbacks of each system before reconsider an employment system.

On the flip side, the reality is that introducing the “Job-based employment system” will be likely to be accelerated in near future. Therefore, we would be better off enhancing skills in order to survive in the age of the Job-based employment system.

I would like everyone to discuss the employment system as a member of society. Also, I would be happy that you will take this session to think again what you would like to do in the future.

Annotation

1. Job-based employment system: ジョブ型雇用形態
2. Membership-based employment system: メンバーシップ型雇用形態

Questions

Q1 What kind of employment system has been adopted in your company, “Job-based”, “Membership-based” or other systems? Are you satisfied with the system? Could you share reasons why you feel so?

Q2 What are the pros and cons of each system, “Job-based employment system” and “ Membership-based employment system”? Please discuss the question from viewpoint of an employee and employer.

Q3 Which system can most likely bring more benefits and profits to companies, “Job-based employment system”, “Membership-based employment system” or other systems in Japan?Why do you think so? Please share with us your group’s opinion including which system you will pick and the reasons why you think so.

Q4 What kind of skills would you like to have in the future in order for you to become a one-of-a-kind person?

It is predicted that more companies are likely to introduce the “Job-based employment system” in the foreboding future. In that case, you will be likely to be required to have specialty and more special skills, capability in order for you to survive in the era of “Job-based employment system”. 

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