• 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

１．前半マテリアルの紹介　Uさん

２．後半マテリアルの紹介　M先生

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
《　今回のworkshop　》
○workshop参加人数：４９名（うち新人の方：５名）
○【前半】：Value of things
○【後半】：Hip-hop Culture
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

[今週のマテリアル]
≪FIRST HALF≫
Value of things

I feel like value of something has been changed a lot.
One of the biggest change might be money.
Very old time, we exchanged things and things, then shell became a tool to select the value of things.

Now cryptocurrency was created and caused troubles in some fields.
For example, the value of bank was really firm for a long time, but its value is changing now.

Sense of value is different from each other and it is changing all the time.

Q1: Do you have cryptocurrency?
Why did you get it or why you did not?
Please share merit and demerit.

Q2: What do you feel values has changed at the maximum from when you were a child to now?

Q3: To be worthwhile is how useful the things are.
Do you think what you are doing(job or study) is useful for other people?
If so, please think about how useful.

Q4: What is the valuable things for your life?

≪LATTER HALF≫
Hip-hop Culture

●　Background

Hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in the Bronx, New York City during the late 1970s. Hip-hop is characterized by four elements, of which are considered essential to understand it musically.
　(1)MC or Microphone Commander, a rhythmic vocal rhyming style.
　(2)DJ and turntablism, which is making music with record players and mixers.
　(3)B-boy/B-girl also known for breakdancing.
　(4)Graffiti and street aerosol art.
From neighborhood block parties, hip-hop culture has been described as being a gang music group. Hip-hop has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world.
Hip-hop music follows in the footsteps of earlier African-American-rooted musical genres such as blues, jazz, rag-time, funk, and disco to become one of the most practiced genres worldwide.
Simultaneously, a new and old phenomenon; the importance of sampling tracks, beats, and basslines from old records to the art form means that much of the culture has revolved around the idea of updating classic recordings, attitudes, and experiences for modern audiences. Sampling older culture and reusing it in a new context or a new format is called “flipping” in hip-hop culture.
The Hip-hop Movement is: Consciousness Awareness, Civil Rights Awareness, Activism Awareness, Justice, Political Awareness, and Community Awareness in music
A powerful medium for protesting the impact of legal institutions on minorities, particularly police and prisons. Historically, hip-hop arose out of the ruins of a post-industrial South Bronx, as a form of expression of urban Black and Latino youth, whom the public and political discourse had written off as marginalized communities

●　Elements & Origins

　(1)MC or Microphone Commander
Rapping, Mcing, spitting bars, or just rhyming refers to spoken or chanted rhyming lyrics with a strong rhythmic accompaniment. Rapping typically features complex wordplay, rapid delivery, and a range of “street slang”, some of which is unique to the hip-hop subculture. While rapping is often done over beats, either done by a DJ, a beatboxer, it can also be done without accompaniment. It can be broken down into different components, such as content, flow, rhythm & rhyme, and delivery.
　(2)DJ and turntablism
Through the isolation and extending of the breaks are the parts of the albums that are focused solely on the percussive beat. Manipulating sounds and creating music. Further innovations with the introduction of scratching, which has become one of the key sounds associated with hip-hop music. There are turntablism competitions, where turntablists demonstrate advanced beat juggling and scratching skills.
　(3)B-boy/B-girl also known for breakdancing.
Is a dynamic, rhythmic style of dance which developed as one of the major elements of hip-hop culture. Like many aspects of hip-hop culture, breakdance borrows heavily from many cultures, including 1930s-era street dancing, Brazilian & Asian Martial arts, as well as Russian folk dance
　(4)Graffiti and street aerosol art.
In America in the late 1960s, graffiti was used as a form of expression by political activist gangs, and used graffiti to mark territory. One of the first graffiti writers in New York City started writing his nickname in his neighborhood as early as 1968. In 1971 the New York Times published an article about a graffiti writer. According to the article, graffiti had been written all around the city. Writers would add their street number to their nickname, bomb a train with their work, and let the subway take it – and their fame, if it was impressive, or simply pervasive.

●　What is beef & diss tracks?

Tracks made by one artist to insult another artist. Hip-hop is a culture built around machismo and bravado, so backing down or losing a battle could be detrimental to an artist’s career. One slip-up and you could find yourself with a one-way ticket to obscurity. Certain MCs have built entire careers around beefing with other artists, while others have had their careers destroyed with just a couple lines. One artist may be from another record label or even an ex-member of a group. What once began as two rappers simply battling over skill has turned into big business, with parody music videos, elaborate stage shows, and entire albums dedicated to the coveted battle.
The earliest example of music which could be construed as a diss track was Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture, which was written in 1880 to commemorate Russia’s defense against Napoleonic invasion. The use of a battery of cannons in the climax of the piece is considered a mockery of the retreating French forces whose own artillery was used against them. This is the first recorded instance of the use of weapons as an instrument, a motif which extends to the use of firearms as instruments in contemporary hip hop diss tracks.
An early example of a diss track was “You Keep Her” (1962) by Joe Tex. He wrote the song after his wife left him for soul singer James Brown, who then broke up with her and wrote Tex a letter saying he could have her back. Tex refused and ridiculed this offer in his song.
John Lennon’s “How Do You Sleep?” (1971) from his album Imagine is another prototypical example of a diss track. Lennon had the impression that the song “Too Many People” from Paul McCartney’s Ram (1970) was a dig at him, something Paul later admitted. As a result Lennon’s “How Do You Sleep?” indirectly mocked Paul’s musicianship. While the many references make clear he is the target, particularly in the lyrics “The only thing you done was yesterday/And since you’ve gone you’re just another day”, the first lyric being a reference to The Beatles’ 1965 song “Yesterday”.
Bob Marley and the Wailers’ “Small Axe” (1973), from their album Burnin’, was a hidden diss at record producers Coxsone Dodd and Duke Reid. They owned all the power in the Jamaican music industry and thus were the “big tree” that musicians would have to cooperate to cut down.

●　Notable Aritsts & Upcomers

Old Generation 1979 – 2009
Sugarhill Gang – Rapper’s Delight
2Pac – Hit ‘Em Up
Ice Cube – No Vaseline
Jay Z – Takeover
Eminem – The Warning
Snoop Dogg – Gin and Juice
Dr. Dre – Nuthin’ but a `G` Thang
50 Cent – In da Club

New Generation 2010 – 2018
Machine Gun Kelly – Rap Devil
Lil’ Pump – Gucci Gang
Drake – 6PM in New York
Lil’ Xan – Betrayed
Nicki Minaj – Up All Night
Lil’ Yachty – Broccoli
6ix9ine – Gummo
Lil’ Uzi Vert – XO Tour Lif3

＜Questions＞

1 What do you know about the history of hip-hop?

2 What image comes to mind with the word hip-hop?

3 Why do some people think hip-hop isn’t music?

4 What impact has hip-hop had on your culture?

5 Why does hip-hop sometimes have a negative image?

6 Where do you see hip-hop in your culture in the future?

***********************************************************
私たちと一緒に英語コミュニケーション能力を鍛えませんか？
ご興味を持たれた方は、
入会申込フォーム
https://english-speaking-club.com/cms/?page_id=93
よりお申し込みください。お待ちしています！
***********************************************************

Copyright 2011 English-Speaking-Clubin. All Rights Reserved.