第９４回　WORKSHOP報告（１１月１５日） / 参加者６８名

第９４回　WORKSHOP報告（１１月１５日） / 参加者６８名

 

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《　今回のworkshop　》

 

○workshop参加人数：６８名（うち新人の方：８名）

 

○【前半】：「海外長期滞在経験」というテーマでディスカッション

 

○【後半】：” 2014 Ferguson unrest “に関するディスカッション

 

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＜英語サークル　E’s club　第９４回workshopのご案内＞

 

みなさまこんばんは、E’s club幹事のKです。

１１月１５日（土）開催の第９４回workshopの詳細をお送りいたします。

 

 

[今週のマテリアル]

＜FIRST HALF＞

みなさんこんにちは。本日の前半のマテリアルを担当させていただきますMと申します。テーマは「海外長期滞在経験（海外留学やワーキングホリデーなど）」に設定しました。

直近の統計では、2011年の日本人海外留学は約6万人で、大学生数は約300万人ですので、約2％の大学生が留学経験があるということになります。私は98％の方で留学しなかった方です。

しかし、今になって思えば留学しておけばよかったと思うことがよくあります。ですので、個人的な関心で恐縮ですが、海外留学やワーキングホリデーなどで長期に滞在した経験談をたくさん聞きたいと思っています。

おそらくE’sのメンバーの2％以上が留学経験があるのではないかと思いますので、色々な話が聞けるのではないかと思い今回のテーマを設定しました。

前半はみなさんの海外長期滞在に関する話をシェアしてみてください。

 

1. Have you ever studied or worked abroad?

1-1. If Yes, please share your story. (the story would include: country, city, language, things you studied or job description.)

1-2. If No, do you have plans or dreams to study or work abroad?

1-2-1. If Yes, Please share your plans or dreams.

 

2. If you answered Question #1 “yes”, do you have points of your study or work abroad to be improved?

2-1. If Yes, please talk about your improving points and give advice to other table participants who have an interest in studying or working abroad.

2-2. If  No, please share what is the key to your successful studying or working abroad.

 

3. If you answered Question #1-2 “No”, please talk about why you do not want to study or work abroad?

 

4. Discuss which ideas (real stories, plans, dreams and reasons not to want to study or work abroad) seems be best for studying or working abroad.

4-1. Choose one idea (except your idea) and talk about your choice and the reason.

 

 

＜LATTER HALF＞

The shooting of Michael Brown

http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/06/us/ferguson-rules-protests/index.html

 

Ferguson mayor sees possible protests in region when grand jury decides

By Ashley Fantz, CNN

November 7, 2014 — Updated 0919 GMT (1719 HKT)

 

(CNN) — Tensions in Ferguson, Missouri, have simmered since black teen Michael Brown was shot and killed by a white police officer in August.

 

And with a grand jury expected to soon deliver its decision on whether to indict the officer, a group that represents protesters says it wants 48-hours notice before the decision is announced so it can help prevent the St. Louis suburb from once again boiling over with anger, violence and confusion.

 

A group of community members calling themselves the Don’t Shoot Coalition this week released 19 “Rules of Engagement” that touch on major points of contention between protesters and police since Brown’s August 9 killing.

 

Witnesses said Brown, who was unarmed, had his hands in the air as if surrendering, when he was shot. Authorities said Brown attacked the officer.

 

‘Prepare for the worst’

 

Ferguson Mayor James Knowles told local media this week that authorities must “prepare for the worst” and he expects demonstrations across the area.

 

He and his administration didn’t respond to CNN’s inquiries about whether city officials would agree to the coalition’s requests. Ferguson police also did not respond to CNN’s questions about what that department thinks of the “rules,” but St. Louis County police said their department “endorses the statement from the Don’t Shoot Coalition regarding the sanctity and preservation of human life. To that end, and in the spirit of building communications, members of the Unified Command have met with the coalition to define common goals.”

 

Many protesters were furious because they feel Brown’s killing was an example of excessive use of force. They and heavily armed law enforcement clashed in the streets for days after Brown’s death.

 

Authorities, who drove armored vehicles and wore military gear, were roundly criticized by members of the media, other law enforcement officials and demonstrators for escalating the violence, rather than tempering it. Law enforcement also was accused of blocking and, in some cases, attacking journalists who were trying to report on the situation.

 

19 ‘Rules of Engagement’

 

Some of the coalition’s “rules” ask that police provide information that makes clear law enforcement’s chain of command, who is making what decisions and why, and assurances that neither police nor the government will interfere with the flow of information. That means, according to the “rules,” there will be no unwarranted wiretapping or attempts to interfere with internet and cellular access. The rules ask the police not to use rubber bullets, armored vehicles, rifles and tear gas.

 

The organization also has written stipulations about how it wants police to present themselves, including a request that officers wear attire “minimally required for their safety” and that “specialized riot gear will be avoided except as a last resort.”

 

Knowles would not give details on law enforcement’s plan following the grand jury’s decision, CNN affiliate Fox 2 reported Wednesday. But he spoke in broad terms about the approach law enforcement is going to take.

 

“It’s not going to be about lining up a fixed line of law enforcement officers somewhere, it’s going to be about being prepared, being reactive, being mobile, being able to respond to wherever an issue breaks out,” the mayor said.

 

Knowles also expects there’s going to be unrest outside of Ferguson.

 

“It’s not going to be about Ferguson,” he said. “The threats that are out there are threats across the region. Our expectation is that demonstrations will probably break out in several places.”

 

The mayor told Fox 2 that people who are close to organizers and protesters have informed him that demonstrators are planning to focus on areas around St. Louis and the city’s downtown.

 

Area school superintendents have written a letter urging that when the grand jury comes to a decision that it be announced on a weekend or at least not on a weekday until after 5 p.m. The superintendents are concerned that if chaos happens, that could affect the ability of nearly 20,000 students who use transportation to get to and from school.

 

If violence breaks out in Ferguson, people who live there won’t be behind it, Knowles told Fox 2.

 

“I think you have to prepare for the worst, but I think we all hope the best out of people,” Knowles said. “I don’t believe that there is even a small fraction of residents in the city of Ferguson who want to do any damage or harm to any other residents or to any businesses… the concern would be who comes (from) outside the area.”

 

Are the ‘rules’ legal?

 

Don’t Shoot Coalition co-chair Michael McPherson said the purpose of the group’s proposed rules is to “de-escalate violence” without tamping down on peaceful protest action.

 

“What we’re trying to do is make sure that we move everything into a constructive way to create change,” he said.

 

CNN legal analyst Paul Callan and radio personality Mo Ivory, appearing on CNN on Thursday, praised the idea of community members working with law enforcement to avoid a repeat of the chaos that raged in August and September.

 

“It’s been done in mass demonstrations in the past — marches on Washington, D.C., for civil rights, protesting the Vietnam war,” he said.

 

Callan was skeptical that the police would — or should — agree to some of the rules, including those that govern what police can wear and when they can make arrests.

 

One rule states: “Police will be more tolerant of more minor lawbreaking such as thrown water bottles when deciding whether to escalate the use of force.”

 

“When you’re out on the street and there’s a huge street demonstration which could go violent immediately, you have to be prepared for that,” Callan said. “What are they going to do? Go change? If you’re a cop you have to protect yourself from things being thrown at you.”

 

In the days after Brown’s shooting, Ivory noted that the police looked like “they were going to war.”

 

“And that’s what made the protesters feel that heightened (fear)… because of the way the police were speaking to them,” she said.

 

As far as being notified 48 hours ahead of a grand jury verdict, Callan said that was legal and could be done, though it would be an unusual step.

 

“I can’t find any cases where the judiciary, which runs the grand jury, gave advance notice to street demonstrators about when an indictment was going to come down,” Callan said. “On the other hand, it’s not illegal, so theoretically, it could be done.”

 

(for more information about the civil unrest in Fergurson please read　http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Ferguson_unrest　)

 

The Shooting of Trayvon Martin

http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/18/justice/florida-teen-shooting-details/

(【リンク閲覧注意】負傷し出血した人物の画像が表示されます)

 

What happened the night Trayvon Martin died

By Greg Botelho, CNN

May 23, 2012 — Updated 1448 GMT (2248 HKT)

 

(CNN) — Trayvon Martin walked into a 7-Eleven in Sanford, Florida, grabbing a bag of Skittles and a can of Arizona iced tea. The hood from his dark gray sweatshirt over his head, he walked up to the counter, reached deep into his pants’ pockets, paid the clerk, then walked out.

 

This seemingly mundane act, captured on a surveillance video, would be the last image the 17-year-old’s loved ones would have of him alive.

 

While questions still remain, what happened next to Martin on the night of February 26 became clearer on Thursday with the release of scores of pages of investigative and medical examiner’s reports, in addition to new images of Martin’s shooter and the 7-Eleven video.

 

Martin didn’t live in Sanford, a central Florida city of about 53,000 people. Yet by that winter night, he’d been there for seven days, after being suspended for the third time from Dr. Michael M. Krop High School in Miami, in this instance, for 10 days after drug residue was found in his backpack, according to records obtained by the Miami Herald.

 

His father Tracy had taken his son four hours away from home because neither he or Trayvon Martin’s mother wanted the teen to stay in his hometown where he could enjoy time with his friends, family friend and former football coach Jerome Horton recalled later.

 

That Sunday night, Martin was supposed to be getting a snack and heading back to the Sanford home of his father’s fiance.

 

It was on that walk back that he encountered George Zimmerman, a 28-year-old neighborhood watch volunteer.

 

Some details as to Martin’s thought process around that time may someday be gleaned from what he told his girlfriend back in Miami in a cell phone conversation, his family’s lawyers said.

 

The boyfriend and girlfriend spoke at 7:12 p.m.

 

Zimmerman’s voice, meanwhile, comes through on a 911 call he made around that time, telling a dispatcher about “a real suspicious guy.”

 

“This guy looks like he’s up to no good, or he’s on drugs or something. It’s raining, and he’s just walking around.”

 

The dispatcher asked Zimmerman, who’d called 911 at least four times previously for other incidents, if he was following the person. He replies, “Yes.”

 

“OK. We don’t need you to do that,” the dispatcher responded.

 

But Zimmerman followed him anyway.

 

What happened next is a matter of dispute. Martin and Zimmerman were obviously in the middle of it, but no one else saw all that happened. One witness later told police that “she heard a commotion, which sounded like arguing,” while another mentioned “loud talking.”

 

And on one 911 call, placed by a neighbor, a police sergeant counted one man yelling “help!” or “help me!” 14 times in a span of 38 seconds.

 

Who was yelling? When the 911 calls were later played back for him and he was asked if they were from his son, an emotional Tracy Martin “quietly responded ‘no’.” But an FBI analysis, also detailed on Thursday, said it couldn’t be determined whose voice it was due to the “extreme emotional state” of whomever was yelling, a lack of words from which to compare, overlapping voices and “insufficient voice quality” on the recording.

 

The same analysis also didn’t reach conclusions as to whether Zimmerman used a racial epithet to describe Martin on his own 911 call, as some have alleged. Martin’s family have said they believe Zimmerman, a white Hispanic, profiled the African-American teen.

 

Numerous witnesses, however, did clearly hear a gunshot.

 

It came from Zimmerman’s black, 9mm semiautomatic hand gun. The bullet went into Martin’s left chest and lodged there.

 

Police headed to the neighborhood after Zimmerman’s initial 911 call, but didn’t arrive until after the fatal shot. They found Martin “face down in the grass.”

 

A sergeant checked and couldn’t find a pulse. For the next six minutes, he and another police officer teamed up to conduct CPR on the teen. A plastic bag, brought by a neighbor, was used to seal his chest wound. Firefighters and EMS from the Sanford Fire Department arrived at 7:27 p.m., to continue efforts to try to save him.

 

Three minutes later, at 7:30 p.m., Martin was pronounced dead.

 

Aside from a small scratch on one finger, that gunshot wound was the only apparent injury the teenager suffered. A medical examiner’s report later found trace elements of THC, an element of marijuana, in his system, though experts pointed out the challenge in equating the levels found with Martin’s level of intoxication at the time of his death.

 

One officer who lifted Martin’s shirt at the scene “felt a large, cold can in the center pocket” of the teen’s hoodie, which was the iced tea he’d bought just minutes before. Blood was later spotted on his Skittles, along with a lighter, a T-Mobile brand cell phone, headphones and $40 and some change.

 

A witness told police that, after the gunshot, she saw a “larger” man standing over Martin.

 

Police who arrived described the shooter, Zimmerman, as compliant in answering their questions and willingly putting on handcuffs.

 

He had blood on his nose — with one officer saying it appeared “broken,” while noting “swelling” of his face — and, as photographs showed, blood on the back of his head. His back was wet and soiled, as if he’d been in grass.

 

Zimmerman claimed that Martin had attacked him, hitting him in the nose and knocking him back into the pavement. It was only then, in self-defense, that he’d taken out his gun and shot the teen, he said.

 

Tests, the results of which were made public Thursday, would show evidence of Zimmerman’s hands on the firearm, but not Martin’s. An analysis of scrapings from underneath the teenager’s fingernails did not contain any of Zimmerman’s DNA, as might rub off in the case of a prolonged struggle.

 

At the scene, Zimmerman declined to be transported to the hospital despite his apparent injuries.

 

A police officer reiterated that offer after Zimmerman complained his head hurt and he felt lightheaded while being driven to the Sanford Police Department. But again he turned it down.

 

While at the police station, Zimmerman requested some tissues, water and to go to the bathroom, but little else. He ended up turning over his clothes to police but, after being questioned and putting on a change of clothes brought in by his wife, he headed home.

 

Tracy Martin, meanwhile, didn’t know where his son was. He filed a missing person’s complaint on the morning of February 27, telling authorities that his son hadn’t returned from going to the store the previous evening.

 

Police then showed Tracy Martin a picture taken from the crime scene, and he confirmed the dead teenager was, in fact, Trayvon.

 

As to Zimmerman, he remained in limbo for weeks.

 

Police had declined to arrest him that night, saying there wasn’t enough evidence to refute his self-defense claim.

 

But the investigation continued. In a capias request, a request that someone be taken into custody, on March 13, police described what happened as “ultimately avoidable by Zimmerman, if Zimmerman had remained in his vehicle and awaited the arrival of law enforcement, or conversely if he had identified himself to Martin as a concerned citizen and initiated dialog (sic) in an effort to dispel each party’s concern.

 

“There is no indication that Trayvon Martin was involved in any criminal activity.”

 

On April 11, special prosecutor Angela Corey announced that Zimmerman was being charged with second-degree murder.

 

He was subsequently arrested and, eventually, released on bail. The start of his scheduled trial has not yet been set.

 

Discussion questions:

 

1.    How were these two shootings similar? How were they different?

2.    Do you feel the shooters in each incident were justified?  Why or why not?

3.    Can you think of any similar incidents in Japan?

4.    Why do you think there have been so many protests and so much civil unrest in Fergurson after the Michael Brown shooting?

5.    What do you think of race relations in the U.S.?

6.    What do you think about race relations in Japan? Is there much racial profiling in Japan?

7.    What kinds of protests have occurred in Japan?

8.    Have you ever been involved in a protest?

9.    Have there ever been riots and looting in Japan?

10.    Do you trust the police?

11.    Travyon Martin was shot by a neighborhood watch volunteer. Do you think it’s a good idea to have neighborhood watchmen? Are there neighborhood watchmen in Japan?

12.    Do you think neighborhood watch volunteers should be allowed to carry guns?

13.    What do you think of American gun laws?

14.    Do you think handguns should be illegal in America?

15.    Do you think hand guns will ever be illegalized in America? Why or why not?

16.    Do you think handguns should be legalized in Japan?

 

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私たちと一緒に英語コミュニケーション能力を鍛えませんか？

 

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https://english-speaking-club.com/cms/?page_id=93

 

 

よりお申し込みください。お待ちしています！

 

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