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≪FIRST HALF≫

今回の前半マテリアルは下記のサイトから引用しました：

https://material.human.sankei.co.jp/enggeneral/b2/pdf/generalB2_010.pdf

Airport Security

 After 9-11, countries around the world worked on improving their airport security regulations. Obviously, due to the circumstances, the United States was quick to invest in state-of-the-art full-body scanners.

 The purpose of these new and improved scanners was to have a better device that would easily detect any prohibited items or materials that could be used for bomb-making. It was said that the U.S. invested something like $140 million for these scanners.

Controversy soon followed with complaints being filed against the TSA. These complaints ranged from the worry of being exposed to radiation to the humiliation felt by passengers who claimed that the scanners were too intrusive.

A decision was made by the TSA to remove these scanners following a thorough risk assessment and revert back to previous passenger screening methods. Will this make us less safe?

<Questions>

Q1. What was the purpose for the full-body scanner?

Q2. Do you think that scanners help stop terrorists?

Q3. What do you think of the current airport security in Japan?

Q4. Share some of your experiences regarding security rules in the airport.

<References>

https://material.human.sankei.co.jp/enggeneral/b2/pdf/generalB2_010.pdf

≪LATTER HALF≫

Impromptu Debate

<Reason for Choosing the Material>

Do you like to debate? Debating involves expressing one’s opinions and offering rebuttals against others’ opinions. Many people view it as a form of “confrontation.” However, debate doesn’t have to be confrontational but can instead be an opportunity to understand multiple perspectives. As debate and discussion become part of the educational curriculum in Japanese primary and secondary schools, it might be beneficial for everyone to become familiar with debating.

<What is Impromptu Debate?>

The Impromptu Debate is a small group discussion activity designed for groups of 3 to 9 participants, or a large group with multiple small groups. It is based on a popular debate style called Parliamentary Debate (North American style), with some alterations made by the Material Maker.

<Rules>

Participants are divided into two teams: 1. the Proposition team and 2. the Opposition team. One person should be appointed as the facilitator/judge for the group. First, a motion (the topic of debate) will be announced. Following this, the Proposition team and the Opposition team prepare for the debate at separate preparation tables. The preparation time is 15 minutes. After preparation, both teams come together at the debate tables, and the debate begins. The facilitator oversees the debate session. If a debater finishes their speech within the allotted time, they may say, “That’s all. Thank you for listening,” and sit down. If a debater exceeds the allotted time, the facilitator may ask them to quickly summarize their point and then sit down. At the end of the debate sesssion, the facilitator may present a summary of the debate to the entire class.

<The Judge and the Teams>

The Facilitator (Judge):

The facilitator announces the motion, calls on speakers, and determines the winning team.

The Proposition Team:

The Proposition team argues in favor of the motion. For example, if the motion is “Homework should be abolished,” they argue for abolishing homework. They will present two arguments, such as:

1. Improving academic performance

2. Reducing the burden on teachers

The Opposition Team:

The Opposition team argues against the motion. For the same motion, they argue for keeping homework assignments, presenting arguments such as:

1. Strengthening the academic foundation

2. Providing opportunities for socialization

<Roles>

Each team consists of participants with the following roles:

1. Leader: Makes a constructive speech with the first argument (3 minutes). The Leader of the Opposition also makes a rebuttal speech against the Leader of the Proposition.

2. Reply: Makes rebuttal speeches against the opposing team’s Leader/Member (2 minutes). This includes rebutting the opponent’s constructive speech and reconstructing their argument.

3. Member: Makes a constructive speech with the second argument (2 minutes).

4. Summary: Summarizes the debate session (2 minutes). The Proposition Summary also makes a rebuttal speech against the Opposition’s second argument.

<Role Distribution:>

– 1 vs. 1: A = Leader, Reply, Member, Summary

– 2 vs. 2: A = Leader and Summary, B = Reply and Member

– 3 vs. 3: A = Leader, B = Reply and Member, C = Summary

– 4 vs. 4: A = Leader, B = Reply, C = Member, D = Summary

<Special Rules>

– Point of Information (POI): While someone is speaking, any participant from the opposing team can ask a question. The speaker can accept or deny the POI. To accept the POI, say “Yes, please.” To deny the POI, say “No, thank you.” Each POI is limited to 15 seconds, and the clock does not stop during a POI.

– No Internet Usage: Using the internet during the debate is prohibited. A dictionary (either app or browser) is allowed.

– Timekeeping: The facilitator should keep time, using a stopwatch to inform debaters when time is up.

– Judgment: After all speeches, the facilitator announces the winner, explains the decision, and provides feedback.

– Respect: Respect the judge’s decision; disputing it is prohibited.

<Activity Schedule>

– 5 to 15 minutes: Introduction and motion announcement

– 15 minutes: Preparation time

– 20 to 30 minutes: Debate session

– 5 minutes: Feedback & Presentation

<Facilitating a Debate>

Debate Facilitation Script:

“Hello, everyone. I am (your name), the facilitator of this debate table. Today’s motion is (the motion).”

1. Leader of the Proposition Speech (3 minutes)

   “Now, I call upon the Leader of the Proposition, (name), to make the first argument. You have 3 minutes. You may begin your speech.”

   (Speech)

   “Thank you for the remarks.”

2. Leader of the Opposition Speech (3 minutes)

   “Now, I call upon the Leader of the Opposition, (name), to rebut the opponent’s first argument and make their first argument. You have 3 minutes. You may begin your speech.”

   (Speech)

   “Thank you for the remarks.”

3. Proposition Reply Speech (2 minutes)

   “Now, I call upon the Proposition Reply, (name), to rebut the opponent’s first argument. You have 2 minutes. You may begin your speech.”

   (Speech)

   “Thank you for the remarks.”

4. Member of the Proposition Speech (2 minutes)

   “Now, I call upon the Member of the Proposition, (name), to make the second argument. You have 2 minutes. You may begin your speech.”

   (Speech)

   “Thank you for the remarks.”

5. Opposition Reply Speech (2 minutes)

   “Now, I call upon the Opposition Reply, (name), to rebut the opponent’s second argument. You have 2 minutes. You may begin your speech.”

   (Speech)

   “Thank you for the remarks.”

6. Member of the Opposition Speech (2 minutes)

   “Now, I call upon the Member of the Opposition, (name), to make the second argument. You have 2 minutes. You may begin your speech.”

   (Speech)

   “Thank you for the remarks.”

7. Opposition Summary Speech (2 minutes)

   “Now, I call upon the Opposition Summary to summarize today’s debate. You have 2 minutes. You may begin your speech.”

   (Speech)

   “Thank you for the remarks.”

8. Proposition Summary Speech (2 minutes)

   “Now, I call upon the Proposition Summary to rebut the opponent’s second argument and summarize today’s debate. You have 2 minutes. You may begin your speech.”

   (Speech)

   “Thank you for the remarks. That concludes today’s debate. Please shake hands.”

<Motion Announcement>

The motion will be announced on the day of the debate session, right before the preparation time.

<Motion List>

1. This House would adopt a four-day work week.

2. This House believes that online education is as effective as traditional in-person education.

3. This House would ban plastic packaging.

4. This House believes that Japan should increase its intake of foreign workers.

5. This House would implement universal basic income.

6. This House would make voting compulsory.

7. This House believes that telecommuting should become the norm.

8. This House would ban all forms of gambling.

9. This House believes that renewable energy should be prioritized over nuclear power.

10. This House would mandate parental leave for both parents.

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