第１０７回　WORKSHOP報告（７月４日） / 参加者７３名

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《　今回のworkshop　》

○workshop参加人数：７３名（うち新人の方：１６名）

○【前半】：”Have you ever dreamed of transferring your living space to another planet?”というテーマでディスカッション

○【後半】：” Beijing rolls out China’s toughest smoking ban…but will it work?

“という記事に関するディスカッション

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＜英語サークル　E’s club　第１０７回workshopのご案内＞

こんにちは、E’s club幹事のKです。

７月４日（土）開催の第１０７回workshopの詳細をお送りいたします。

前半はマテリアルのリバイバルの第４弾として、Hさんご作成の第９１回Workshopのマテリアルでディスカッションします。

こちらのマテリアルは第１００回Workshop記念のBest Materialの投票で、見事前半部門１位を獲得しました。

テーマは”Have you ever dreamed of transferring your living space to another planet?”です。

なお、今回は今までのリバイバルとは趣が異なり、作成者のHさんのご要望でマテリアルが大きくリニューアルされています。

第９１回Workshopに参加された方も、新たな設問を楽しんでいただけるかと思います。

[今週のマテリアル]

＜FIRST HALF＞

今回の1st halfはHが作成いたしました。

Rainy season真っ只中、曇天が続きますがみなさんいかがお過ごしでしょうか？

この時期を過ぎれば夏到来!! 晴天の下、海へ、山へ、待ち遠しいですね。

その頃になると夜空を見上げる機会も増えてくるかもしれません。

宇宙の話といえば、この夏ホットなニュースがあります。来たる7月14日、無人探査機ニューホライズンが60億kmの長い旅路の果て、9年がかりでようやく冥王星(太陽系外縁天体準惑星)に人類史上初めて接近します。

この計画のすごいところは、、、そう、一発勝負。無人衛星のためもはや地上からもコントロールできず、冥王星の軌道に乗ることもできないためすれ違いざまに一気呵成に観測を行い、その後、未来永劫宇宙空間を漂うという壮大な計画です。最近ではスペースエレベーターという宇宙ステーションまで伸びるエレベータの話題も盛り上がっているようです。

ところでリターンチケットなしと言えば、、、こんなニュースもあります。

みなさんはどう思いますか？

そういえば人生もリターンチケットないですもんね。

<Topic>

Have you ever dreamed of transferring your living space to another planet?

A few years ago, a very intriguing news emerged from a Dutch company called “Mars One” which was founded by 37-year-old engineer Bas Lansdorp.

The project is “living on Mars”. (https://www.youtube.com/user/MarsOneProject)

If all proceeds as planned, until 2023 human-beings will have settled and constructed a colony on the surface of Mars.

After the first team landing, every two years a team of four additional astronauts would arrive to reinforce the existing colony.

Now some members of the staff in “Mars one project” are screening the candidates, who have already selected since 2013, to narrow down from 100 to 24.

Most of the candidates have great ambitions in their mind like this,

“I want not just to be a part of history, but to inspire people around the world.”

“The colonization of Mars is the adventure of the century.”

“This is our chance to get the world excited about space again.”

But you will be pale soon after hearing this.

This project says:

“You will NEVER, NEVER return to the Earth.”

In fact, this project entails the above grave fact.

Now you know about the project, I guess you could not help but ask questions.

“But … Why??”

“What makes them so enthusiastically head into the stars even they throw away their lives?”

“Why should they launch themselves into space even the space including Mars has no play-grounds?”

I guess there are probably numerous answers, viewpoints from all walks of life, yet the ultimate one may be that we are searching for the origin of our species to be brief;

“It is in our nature, it is our destiny to search for “Where on earth are we from”.

“Who will make it when pushed to the limit”.

When it comes to the feasibility of the project, especially in the aspect of technology, they say that they already have enough skills to succeed in this aggressive project such as launching manned rocket, establishing colonies, fostering plants and animals on Mars.

While some scientists adamantly opposed this unprecedented project in the light of ethics, cost, religion, safety and danger, others argue strongly that this challenging project “Must Be Done”.

“I want to contribute directly to Mankind’s confident expansion into the solar system which we have to do if we are going to survive in the long term.”

It insinuates, just looking back our life, now we have a myriad of complicated and intractable problems stemming from natural disaster such as global warming, acid rain, climate change which are seemed not to be solved easily and soon. Regrettably some of the problems are caused by human beings.

Moreover, other invincible problems like war, poverty and conflict among nations are still reeling in the globe, although some of them have way long history, we cannot find any effective solutions still now.

When we take these situations into account and predict these insurmountable problems have been more threatening our habitats, it seems inevitable to contemplate that “transferring living space to another planet”, which our human-beings have been long for at the same time, is becoming more realistic.

“I know it comes at a cost leaving the Earth forever, but the future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.”

“If you can look up from Earth and know that human beings are living on another planet, will we ever again be able to tell ourselves that there is anything we can’t do?”

This time, I want you to debate the questions as written bellow.

Now let’s get started.

Q1: A candidate says;

“I want after I die, the impact of my life is imparted on those who follow”

– Do you feel his will or give empathy for the way of he thinks?

If you had a chance to go to Mars, but your safety and return tickets are secured, would you want to hop on the band wagon?

How do you think if a member of your families or your friends made a decision to take it, would you definitely recommend him or her or dissuade? Why do so?

<tips> Curiosity, Honor, Chance, Challenge, Contribution, Interest, Life, Ambition

Q2: Do you think that we have the rights to reform environment on Mars.

<tips> Heritage, Ethics, Religion, Morals and Values

Q3 Do you think that changing Mars to let human-beings settle can be a solution for complicated problems occurring on the Earth?

<tips> Global population, New technology, Unknown problems, Environment, Renewable energy, Territorial boundaries, Racial problems

Q4 Let’s imagine freely: What do you want to do with friends or company if you were given huge land on Mars?

<e.g.> Building a garden place or cafeteria, sing a song loudly and practice dance, play baseball twice as large as the Earth’s one, experiment new medicine or just shout at something and so on.

Q5 What the Earth would be like 10,000 years later.　Would you think your descendants will thrive?

Q6 Math problems:【Level:★★★★☆ = crazy】

ⅰ) Estimate the age of the Universe under the following conditions;

Hubble’s law:　v = Ho × r

1) v: the velocity of a star receding the Earth.

2) r: the distance from the star and the Earth

3)Ho: Hubble constant = 70.5km/(s・Mpc), 1Mpc=3.09×10^22m　(※pc: parsec)

4)v: constant value since the beginning of the Universe

5)The answer should be written in rounding to three significant digits.

ⅱ) Calculate: Should a meteorite of the diameter of 10km collide with the Pacific Ocean,

how tall tsunami the impact would cause? (unit: meter)

1)the meteorite is perfect sphere and the density is 2,000kg/m^3

2) the velocity of collision is 20.0km/s

3) It is supposed that 3.0% of the kinetic energy with collision is converted to potential energy of the seawater.

4) the tsunami of 400m radius from the center occurs concentrically.

5) the average of water depth at the point of collision is 4.0km.

the average density of seawater is 1,000kg/m^3

6) acceleration of gravity = 9.80m/s^2

7) The answer should be written in rounding to three significant digits.

※You can use the following formula about the relation of mechanical energy if you need.

– the kinetic energy = 0.5 × the mass of meteorite × (the velocity of meteorite) ^ 2

– the potential energy = acceleration of gravity ×　the mass of meteorite　×　the height of meteorite from a base level.

ⅲ) How much is her weight on Mars? (Her weight is 45kg on the Earth.)

Earth mass : Mars mass = 1 : 0.107

Earth radius = 6370[km]

Mars radius = 3440[km]

＜tips＞ You can use the law of universal gravitation which Isaac Newton discovered.

F =G×M1×M2÷R÷R

ⅳ) How rapid velocity at least we need in the case that we launch a rocket into space from the Earth, and how about from Mars?

– Earth: Mass 6.0×10^24 (kg) / Radius 6370(km) / acceleration of gravity 9.81

– Mars : Mass 6.4×10^23 (kg) / Radius 3440(km) / acceleration of gravity 3.72

– The law of conservation of mechanical energy:

Mechanical energy　=　Kinetic energy + Potential energy of gravity

Potential energy of gravity =－G×Mass1×Mass2÷R

Thanks a bunch.

News source:

http://www.mars-one.com/news/press-releases/mars-one-announces-round-2-astronaut-selection-results

http://www.tel.co.jp/museum/magazine/spacedev/130422_interview02/index.html

＜LATTER HALF＞

Indoor public smoking ban in Beijing

http://edition.cnn.com/2015/06/01/asia/china-beijing-smoking-crackdown/

Beijing rolls out China’s toughest smoking ban…but will it work?

By Katie Hunt, CNN Updated 1314 GMT (2014 HKT) June 1, 2015

(CNN)A tough new ban on smoking indoors rolls out across the Chinese capital Monday, with lighting up now prohibited in all offices, shopping malls, restaurants, bars and airports.

Many outdoor public places such as the areas outside kindergartens and hospitals will also be required to be smoke-free.

Businesses and institutions that flout the law will face fines of up to 10,000 yuan ($1,600) and repeat offenders could have their licenses revoked.

Bernhard Schwartlander, the World Health Organization (WHO) representative in Beijing, says it’s a “major advance” in tobacco control in China, where more cigarettes are smoked than anywhere else in the world.

Here’s five things to know as China battles its “smoking dragon.”

It’s not the first ban

It’s not the first time Beijing has tried to tackle its smoking problem — a previous ban launched in 2008 was widely ignored. After closing them with great fanfare, the airport quietly reopened the smoking rooms in its terminals.

However, unlike previous efforts, this law has teeth — flouters will face stringent fines. Individuals must pay 200 yuan ($32) (up from 10 yuan ($1.60)) and businesses risk a penalty of up to 10,000 yuan ($1,600).

Anyone who breaks the law three times will find themselves named and shamed on a government website.

Schwartlander at the WHO says effective enforcement in a city the size of Beijing will be a “colossal task” but the law “deserves to be regarded as a major step forward in the battle against the smoking dragon.”

It’s popular and cheap

China is home to some 300 million smokers and some four million live in Beijing. More than one in every three cigarettes in the world is smoked in China.

And those cigarettes are cheap — as little as $1.50 for a popular brand like Zhongnanhai. According to the Tobacco Atlas, 26% of the price of a packet of cigarettes is tax, compared with a WHO benchmark of 75%.

The China National Tobacco Corp makes one third of the world’s cigarettes and is a state-run monopoly responsible for 3.6 million farmers, four million tobacco retailers and half a million related employees.

Health authorities have, until now perhaps, been reluctant to take on the interests of a giant industry.

It’s worse than pollution

Northern China’s smog-ridden skies have been linked to 1.2 million premature deaths a year but smoking is arguably a far more pressing health problem.

According to the WHO, the city’s concentration of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers — known as PM2.5 — can often reach 500 or more.

While this dwarfs the WHO’s recommended exposure of below 25 — the smoke from just three cigarettes burning in a restaurant can result in a level of 600.

“The smoke from 20 or more smokers, which is not unfeasible in a crowded bar or restaurant, will result in a PM2.5 level that will be off the chart,” says Schwartlander, writing in The Lancet.

Cigarettes are social currency

Smoking is a handy icebreaker in China, a way to greet someone and few interactions aren’t made easier by offering a cigarette.

Until an edict by President Xi Jinping in 2013, it was common for government officials to have a cigarette in hand while performing their public duties.

Chairman Mao Zedong and paramount leader Deng Xiaoping were renowned smokers.

While the new ban will limit tobacco advertising, it might already be too late for the next generation.

In 2013, a WHO survey found that among five to six year old children, almost nine in 10 can recognize at least one brand of cigarettes and one in five expect to be smokers when they grow up.

It’s a male habit

Some 45% of men smoke daily, according to 2013 figures, compared with just 2.1% of women — this means that Chinese women endure some of the highest rates of exposure to second hand smoke in the world.

It’s hoped that this army of female non-smokers might prove to be a secret weapon in enforcing the new ban.

At an event in Beijing on Sunday, groups of school girls and older women danced outside the “Bird’s Nest” Olympic stadium, which was draped in anti-smoking banners.

But new data shows that while the overall smoking rate has declined in the past decade, there has been a “significant increase” in women lighting up.

1. What do you think of this ban on smoking in Beijing?

Is it a good idea or bad idea? Will it work? Why or why not? What do you think of the penalties for breaking this law?

Were you surprised that Beijing has introduced this ban? What do you think is Beijing’s motive for doing this? Does this change your image of the Chinese government?

2. Currently, many countries including England and 28 states in the U.S., have banned indoor public smoking (this includes in bars and restaurants). Do you agree with these bans?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_smoking_bans

How much do you worry about passive or second hand smoking? Would a ban on indoor public smoking work in Japan? Why or why not?

3. What law changes have there been in Japan to reduce smoking?

In Canada an average pack of cigarettes costs around $12. In Japan they cost about 400 yen. Do you think cigarettes are too inexpensive in Japan?

What do you think are the best ways for a government to discourage smoking? Should every restaurant or cafe have a non-smoking section?

4. Why do people smoke?

Are you or have you ever been a smoker? Why did you start or stop smoking? Have you ever tried a cigarette? Can you remember your first cigarette?

Is smoking cool? What is your image of smoking and smokers? What do you think of e-cigarettes?

5. Is there anything you would like to see banned in Japan?

6. What changes do you expect to see in China over the next 20 years?

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01	E's clubとは･ごあいさつ
02	サークルの８つのウリ
03	学習会の流れ
04	レベルについて
05	スタッフ紹介・参加者の声
06	開催報告･過去の題材
07	FAQ・会則

第１０７回 WORKSHOP報告（７月４日） / 参加者７３名

第１０７回　WORKSHOP報告（７月４日） / 参加者７３名